Julissa Rojas-Sandoval, Department of Botany-Smithsonian NMNH, Washington DC, USA, Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez, Department of Botany-Smithsonian NMNH, Washington DC, USA. Beltsville, Maryland, USA: National Germplasm Resources Laboratory. Additions to the flora of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). In: Invasive species in the Pacific: A technical review and draft regional strategy. Space JC; Flynn T, 2001. Preliminary review of the invasive plants in the Pacific Islands (SPREP member countries). S. actinophylla is relatively similar to Schefflera arboricola. Florida EPPC's 2011 Invasive Plant Species List. Vieira Silva RMda, 2002. Synonyms Heptapleurum actinophylla Brassaia actinophylla. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/home.do. Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk. Brown ED; Hopkins MJG, 1995. Space JC, Flynn T, 2001. Notes on the flora of the Yucatan Peninsula III: new records and miscellaneous notes for the peninsular flora II. Catalogue of introduced and cultivated plants in New Caledonia. In Hawaii the octopus tree is found in mesic disturbed habitats. June 17, 2009. Hawaii Native Status: Introduced. Flowers of S. actinophylla are hermaphroditic and it is suggested that this species is capable of self-pollination (Brown and Hopkins, 1995). Agriculture Handbook Washington, 679. In: Bissea: Boletin sobre Conservacion de Plantad del Jardin Botanico Nacional, 6 [ed. Mori SA; Buck WR; Gracie CA; Tulig M, 2007. (Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil)., Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Rio de Janeiro Botanic Garden. The Auk, 92(1):40-57. Flowers are borne in dense clusters that form a large, red, showy inflorescence at stem tips above foliage. The genus Schefflera is the second most important interior tree genus after Ficus (Chen et al., 2002). Smith AC, 1985. More information about modern web browsers can be found at http://browsehappy.com/. Honolulu, USA: USDA Forest Service, 146 pp,. Charles Darwin Foundation, 2008. Database inventory of introduced plant species in the rural and urban zones of Galapagos. CC-BY-3.0, Schefflera actinophylla (octopus tree, umbrella plant); Leaves at Holida Inn Express Boynton Beach, Florida. > 0°C, dry winters), Mean maximum temperature of hottest month (ºC), Mean minimum temperature of coldest month (ºC), Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe (DAISIE), GISD/IASPMR: Invasive Alien Species Pathway Management Resource and DAISIE European Invasive Alien Species Gateway. (Plantas Invasoras en Cuba). In the West Indies, S. actinophylla was probably introduced from Florida as an ornamental. Origin: Taiwan and South of China 8. average height when kept as an indoor plant: 30 – 180 cm 9. leaves: long-stemmed, leathery, lacquer-green 10. Report to the Nature Conservancy. Hancock IR; Henderson CP, 1988. In its native range, this species occurs in tropical lowland or monsoon rain forests (Russell-Smith, 1991). 36-41. Flora of the Bahama Archipelago., Vaduz, Germany: J Cramer. http://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/nus/pdf/PUBLICATION/LKCNH%20Museum%20Books/LKCNHM%20Books/flora_of_singapore_tc.pdf. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families., http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/home.do. They are oblong, entire below middle to sparsely, minutely dentately toothed above the middle. 1919 pp. Kolonia, Federated States of Micronesia: Conservation Society of Pohnpei, 29 pp. Identification, Biology, Control and Management Resources Development of new foliage plant cultivars. 1-295. Non-native species in UK Overseas Territories: a review. [ed. . Carnevali G, Tapia-Muñoz JL, Duno Stefano R de, Hernández-Aguilar S, Daniel TF, Coe F, Ortíz JJ, Diego N, Itzá LC, Pat FM, 2005. © Copyright 2021 CAB International. Schefflera actinophylla (Endl.) This plant belongs to the Schefflera genus that contains about 600-900 species of flowering trees, lianas, or shrubs. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Fact sheet: Umbrella tree (Schefflera actinophylla). The genus Schefflera is pantropical and includes over half of the species described for this family (Plunkett et al., 2005). When this species is growing as an epiphyte, herbicide applications require care to avoid damaging host plants. Plant Diversity and Evolution, 128:561-595. by Jones, D. T. \Gamble, B. W.]. [English title not available]. Frodin DG; Lowry PPII; Plunkett GM, 2009. Due to the variable regulations around (de)registration of pesticides, your national list of registered pesticides or relevant authority should be consulted to determine which products are legally allowed for use in your country when considering chemical control. The flora of Nauru. by Sherley G]. Special edition of Environmental Weeds of Australia for Biosecurity Queensland., Australia: The University of Queensland and Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries. It was introduced as an ornamental in Singapore, Madeira, the Canary Islands, Mexico, the Galapagos Islands, Florida, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles, Hawaii and Pacific islands, where it has escaped from gardens and yards and invaded both disturbed and native unaltered forests (Gucker, 2011). Plants can tolerate a wide range of sun and moisture levels, but are restricted to areas with minimum temperatures above 35°F (1.7°C). Vieira Silva RMda, 2002. Description: Tree to c. 10 m high, often multistemmed, glabrous. Chen J; Henny RJ; McConnell DB, 2002. Middle-aged Schefflera. S. actinophylla can also damage pipes and housing foundations (Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, 2011) and cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals (Gucker, 2011). Preliminary review of the invasive plants in the Pacific Islands (SPREP member countries). Flora of the Solomon Islands. Schefflera actinophyllais a tree to 10 metres in its natural habitat. Additions to the flora of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). S. actinophylla requires full sun to flower (Gilman and Watson, 1994), and fruits appear about 6 weeks or more after flowering (Menninger, 1971). S. actinophylla grows in full sun or partial shaded areas on a wide variety of well-drained soils. It has palmately compound medium green leaves in groups of seven leaflets. Paris, France: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Their spikes group in clusters that hang down from the tip of branches. Weeds of Hawaii's pastures and natural areas: an identification and management guide. Peterborough, UK: Joint Nature Conservation Committee. Fact Sheet ST-585. Correll DS; Correll HB, 1982. Native to Australia, the Schefflera actinophylla is an upright tree with multiple trunks. Common Names: Octopus Tree, Umbrella Tree, Ivy Palm, Schefflera. Space JC; Flynn T, 2002. S. actinophylla is restricted to warmer areas with minimum temperatures averaging above 1.7°C (Broschat and Meerow 1991), although a few days of frost are tolerated (Little and Skolmen, 1989). It has highly invasive behaviour in tropical and subtropical areas and is classified as a weed in the Global Compendium of Weeds (. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysimple.aspx, Varnham K, 2006. Unfortunately, birds and other animals (i.e., bats) can easily disperse thousands of seeds into adjacent disturbed forests as well as into native unaltered forests. Wallingford, UK: CABI. On these islands, it has been recorded germinating below the crown of leaves of the native palm Phoenix canariensis (Verloove and Reyes-Betancort, 2011). Harms APNI* . ENH743 Schefflera actinophylla: Schefflera1 Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein, Andrew K. Koeser, Deborah R. Hilbert, and Drew C. McLean2 1. It grows in sunny open areas as well as in shaded areas on well-drained soils (including clay, loam, sand, slightly alkaline, acidic soils; Gilman and Watson, 1994). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, 98:1192 pp. Individual fruits +/- globose, about 6-8 mm diam. Fosberg F R, Sachet M H, Oliver R, 1979. http://www.jncc.gov.uk/page-3660. Phylogeny and biogeography of Schefflera: pervasive polyphylly in the largest genus of Araliaceae. They are bright green and glossy; petiolules elongate, conspicuous. It produces racemes up to 2 m (6.5 ft) long containing up to 1,000 small red flowers. (Base de données botaniques Nadeaud de l'Herbier de la Polynésie Française (PAP).) Fact sheet: Umbrella tree (Schefflera actinophylla). Once established, S. actinophylla achieves high population densities, altering native plant communities by displacing native species, and changing community structures and ecological functions of invaded habitats (Gucker, 2011; PIER, 2012). Carnevali G; Tapia-Muñoz JL; Duno Stefano Rde; Hernández-Aguilar S; Daniel TF; Coe F; Ortíz JJ; Diego N; Itzá LC; Pat FM, 2005. Trade and Invasive Species in the Caribbean: A Universe of Risk. Alexandria, USA: ASHS Press, 466-472. Schefflera actinophylla flower spikes are the origin of the “octopus plant” name. It often grows as a hemiepiphyte on other rainforest trees. , 2012. Pesticides should always be used in a lawful manner, consistent with the product's label. Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: USDA Forest Service. [9] This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. The red-whiskered bulbul in Florida: 1960-1971. Schefflera on the loose in south Florida. Fruit: small, globular stone fruitsT… Thayer D, 1998. Smith AC, 1985. Schefflera actinophylla is easily started from fresh seed, with some scarification to help speed up the process as the seeds are spread around by animals after they eat the fruit that contains it. Space JC, Flynn T, 2000. The fruit of Schefflera arboricola “Variegata” is quite attractive. Houseplant care: Schefflera actinophylla is an easy to care plant. Identification and Biology of Non-native Plants in Florida's Natural Areas., Gainesville, Florida, USA: University of Florida IFAS Extension. Schefflera actinophylla is a tree in the family Araliaceae. 227. http://www.sprep.org/att/irc/ecopies/countries/palau/48.pdf. Schefflera1 Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson2 INTRODUCTION The large, palmately compound, shiny leaves sit atop the multiple, thin, bare trunks of Schefflera, creating much the impression of an exotic, 25-foot-tall plant-umbrella (Fig. Queensland umbrella tree, Brassaia-actinophylla. Currently this species is common as an ornamental in lowlands, where it escapes from cultivated areas to become a serious weed and an invasive species in natural areas (Wagner et al., 1999; PIER, 2012). Scientific Name: Schefflera actinophylla. [English title not available]. González-Torres LR; Rankin R; Palmarola A (eds), 2012. June 17, 2009. Langeland KA; Cherry HM; McCormick CM; Craddock Burks KA, 2008. It is growing a multi trunks with grouped leaves end of each trunk. Flowering begins in early summer and typically continues for several months. http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2012/. 7. http://hort.ufl.edu/database/documents/pdf/tree_fact_sheets/schacta.pdf. 29 pp. It has palmately compound medium green leaves in groups of seven leaflets. Schefflera (Araliaceae): taxonomic history, overview and progress. Flowering begins in early summer and typically continues for several months. Hollywood, Florida, USA: Betrock Information Services. Umbrella tree (Schefflera actinophylla) is regarded as an environmental weed in south-eastern Queensland, New South Wales, and on Christmas Island.It is also very invasive in other parts of the world (i.e. Florence J; Chevillotte H; Ollier C; Meyer JY, 2011. Plant Protection Quarterly, 16:54-57. In the case of larger trees, it is recommended to cut notches into the cambium around the stem and apply undiluted glyphosphate or triclopyr (Englberger, 2009), or to cut and then treat the stumps with the following herbicides: Repeated applications of herbicides are necessary in order to avoid re-sprouts (Motooka et al., 2003; Englberger, 2009). Langeland KA, Cherry HM, McCormick CM, Craddock Burks KA, 2008. S. actinophylla is difficult to eradicate. Plant Characteristics. In addition, this species has a dense root network that can pressurize building foundations and block plumbing joints and pipes in urban areas (Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, 2007). USDA-ARS, 2012. https://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/app/uploads/2017/04/flora_of_singapore_tc.pdf. Report to the Republic of Palau: 2008 update on Invasive Plant Species., Hilo, Hawaii, USA: USDA Forest Service. Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, 2007, Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, 2011, Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries 2007, Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council, It has highly invasive behaviour in tropical and subtropical areas and is classified as a weed in the Global Compendium of Weeds (Randall, 2012). Fact Sheet ST-585. Bissea: Boletin sobre Conservacion de Plantad del Jardin Botanico Nacional, 6:1-140. It goes from green to yellow to orange to red and finally purple when ripe. Cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie., red-legged pademelons and spectacled flying foxes Vegetation Science, 2 ( 2 ):259-278 seeds! Harvard schefflera actinophylla fruit in Botany, 9 ( 2 ) 257-296: //www.daff.qld.gov.au/documents/Biosecurity_EnvironmentalPests/IPA-Umbrella-Plant-PP96.pdf, Queensland umbrella tree umbrella... 4 inches rapidly to create a dense windbreak or along the fence line, UF/IFAS.. 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