Ans:Peak Inverse Voltage(PIV) of Zener diode is the peak voltage across the diode in reverse direction in reverse bias,it is equal to the break down voltage of zener diode. Shorted Diode. 1. In reverse bias, the minority charge carrier current flows through junction. The VI characteristics of a zener diode is shown in the below figure. Plot the V-I graph and observe the change. The zener diode characteristics have been studied. This breakdown voltage is known as the Zener voltage. Purpose: The objective of this experiment is to become familiar with the properties and uses of diodes. The voltage across the zener will remain steady at its break down voltage VZ for all the values of zener current IZ as long as the current remains in the break down region. Zener Diode Characteristics Part A: V-I Characteristics Part B: Zener Diode act as a Voltage Regulator 3. Theory: A Zener Diode is constructed for operation in the reverse breakdown re-gion.The relation between I-V is almost linear in this case Vz =Vz0+Iz Rz, One of the zener diodes works like a reference voltage generator, while the other zener diode is used for sensing the changes in the temperature levels. To plot Volt-Ampere characteristics of Zener diode. Observe the nearly constant voltage in the breakdown region. Zener diode characteristics can be observed. The breakdown voltage is specified as a voltage with a tolerance, such as 10 volts ±5%, which means the breakdown voltage (or operating voltage) will be between 9.5 volts and 10.5 volts. The function of a regulator is to provide a constant output voltage to a load connected in parallel with it in spite of the ripples in the supply voltage or the variation in the load current and the zener diode will continue to regulate the voltage until the diodes current falls below the minimum IZ(min) value in the reverse breakdown region. But for simplicity, both types are called Zener Diodes. ... Zener diode is a P-N junction diode specially designed to operate in … 21. In the reverse bias condition the Zener diode is an open circuit and only a small leakage current is flowing as shown on the exaggerated plot. 3. Use the Curve Tracer to obtain the characteristic curve of a 1N5234B $6.2\,\mathrm{V}$ Zener diode. Characteristics of Zener Diode. When Zener diode is forward biased, it acts as a _________. 3 Theory of experiment The diode is a device formed from a junction of n-type and p-type ... We have to take many readings till the input voltage is 2. about 30V. The readings of voltage and current are tabulated. The Zener conducts the least current when the load current is the highest and it conducts the most current when the load current is the lowest. To Study the V-I characteristics of Forwa rd Biased PN junction diode. The Zener diode specially made to have a reverse voltage breakdown at a specific voltage. 2. 2. The range of values goes from a few Volts up to about 200 Volts. 1. Ans:The voltage level at which breakdown occur in reverse bias of zener diode and the voltage across the diode is constant. If there is no load resistance, shunt regulators can be used to dissipate total power through the series resistance and the Zener diode. Experiment No: 2 ZENER DIODE CHARACTERISTICS AIM: 1. While doing the experiment do not exceed the ratings of the diode. Ans:Generally the maximum zener voltage id about 200V. What are the applications of Zener diode? A conventional solid-state diode allows significant current if it is reverse-biased above its reverse breakdown voltage. A typical Zener diode shunt regulator is shown in Figure 3. Take the readings and note Voltmeter reading across Zener diode and Ammeter reading. Zener Diode Characteristics. To observe and draw the V-I characteristics and Regulation characteristics of a Zener diode. I hope you find it helpful Please do comment and share Important : Images are subject to copyright. Ans: A voltage regulator is an electronic circuit that provides a stable dc voltage independent of the load current, temperature and ac line voltage variations. To do this, rectify an AC voltage with a rectifier diode and slightly pre-smooth it with a charging capacitor. This may lead to ... ZENER DIODE CHARACTERISTICS AIM: 1. One of the zener diodes works like a reference voltage generator, while the other zener diode is used for sensing the changes in the temperature levels. Zener diode has the property of behaving like a dc battery in ‘on’ state (i.e. EXP-7> To draw characteristics of a zener diode and to determine its reverse breakdown voltage. PPM/OC (Max.) What is the differences between the PN junction diode and Zener diode fabrication? Not Specified Not Specified The function of CR1 is to provide additional regulation of the input voltage and form the basis of the reference output. (Make sure you switch from the Diode Tracer window to the Zener Diode … Ans:We cannot use Zener diode as a switch,in forward bias it works as normal junction diode but in reverse bias it allow the current with respective to its break down voltage. ZENER DIODE CHARACTERISTICS EXPERIMENT 2018 - Duration: 6:58. Compare Zener Breakdown and Avalanche breakdown? In the reverse biased mode zener diode has large breakdown voltage and though the current increases the voltage remains constant. Give the input as triangular voltage waveform from Function Generator (both positive and negative peaks). Experiment 8 . However, when reverse biased voltage is applied to the zener diode, it works in different manner. This voltage is … The purpose of a voltage regulator is to maintain a constant voltage across a load regardless of variations in the applied input voltage and variations in the load current. The breakdown voltage of a Zener diode can be set by controlling the doping level. Give the input as triangular voltage waveform from Function Generator (both positive and negative peaks). It is generally 0.6v for a Silicon diode. 2. So exceeding the reverse voltage may result in the device being damaged. Unlike ordinary PN junction diode, the reverse current in Zener diode is measured using milli-ammeter due to the large flow of current. You can notice the corresponding ammeter and voltmeter readings. Mention any application of zener diodes. Do the same experiment by connecting the Zener diode in the forward bias. Zener diode observation tablein hindi 3. The diagram shows a bridge network built using a pair of resistors and a pair of Zener diodes having identical characteristics. Apparatus A Zener diode (with small reverse breakdown voltage of about 6 volts), [i.e., V z = 6 V], a ten volt battery, a high resistance rheostat, two 0-10 V voltmeter, one 0-100 mA ammeter, one 20 Ω. resistance, one way key, connecting wires. Varying amount of reverse current can pass through the diode without damaging it. VI characteristics of zener diode ZENER DIODE CHARACTERISTICS . 9. Figure 2 shows the current versus voltage curve for a Zener diode. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram. The I-V Characteristics Curve of a zener diode, shown below, is the curve which shows the current-voltage relationship of a zener diode. 19. 10. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the characteristics of Zener diode as a voltage regulator. Sl No Name of Experiment Page No 1. A Zener diode of break down voltage Vz is reverse connected to an input voltage source Vi across a load resistance RL and a series resistor RS. Experiment no-01 AIM:- To Plot the V-I Characteristics of P-N Junction Diode under Forward and Reverse Bias Condition and I-v characteristics of Zener diode. If both p-side and n-side of the diode are lightly doped, depletion region at the junction widens. Answer: c Explanation: Zener diodes are used as voltage regulators but they aren’t called voltage regulators. The circuit diagram to plot the VI characteristics of a zener diode is shown. The forward bias characteristic of Zener diode is same as the normal PN junction diode but in reverse bias it has different characteristic. 6. Connections can be made as seen in the circuit diagram by clicking and dragging the mouse from one connecting terminal to the other connecting terminal of the devices to be connected. They have a large forward current flowing through them with a negligible voltage drop across them. Zener diodes not only stabilize long-term voltage fluctuations, but also short-term fluctuations as they are caused by the residual ripple of a rectified, pre-smoothed AC voltage. Tabulate different reverse currents obtained for different reverse voltages. 2. The reverse leakage current has been exaggerated to make it show on the graph. A signal diode or rectifier has the forward voltage specified as a max voltage at one or more current levels. This document is highly rated by JEE students and has been viewed 162 times. 18. This is an individual effort but members of a team can and should share insight, confirm results, and help problem solve. EXPERIMENT NUMBER 4 Examining the Characteristics of Diodes . ... PN Junction Diode characteristics Experiment complete with Readings & graph CBSE - Duration: 12:36. First identify the terminals of Zener diode, there will be a black colored circular band on one side of the Zener diode. current increases at a rapid rate. This article will help to explain the characteristics which make up zener diodes, specifically how the voltage across a zener diode varies with the current flowing through it. Zener diodes are a special kind of diode which permits current to flow in the forward direction. EXPERIMENT REQUIREMENT Components and Equipments a. Zener Diode (1N753) b. UNI-T Digital Multi-meter (UT 55) C. Variable Resistor (1 KO) d. GW Instek Oscilloscope (GOS-630FC) e. Resistor(33012,470N, 4.7K2, 47K22) f. K & H MFG. It permits current to flow in the forward direction as normal, but will also allow it to flow in the reverse direction when the voltage is above a certain value - the breakdown voltage known as the Zener voltage. Developed by Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham & CDAC Mumbai. Theory:-A Semiconductor diode is prepared by joining P and N sections of a semi conducting … analyze the working of Zener diode as a voltage regulator for line regulation and load regulation. A Zener Diode is a special kind of diode which permits current to flow in the forward direction as normal, but will also allow it to flow in the reverse direction when the voltage is above the breakdown voltage or ‘zener’ voltage.u000b Zener diodes are designed so that their breakdown voltage is much lower - for example just 2.4 Volts. Ans: Avalanche breakdown and Zener breakdown. Funded by MeitY (Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology), English We use Zener diodes for voltage regulation and voltage stabilisation. Characteristics. Result: The characteristics and Voltage Regulation of Zener diode are studied. 22. Result: a. First, we will look at the general laboratory experiment and it’s format. Unlike ordinary PN junction diode, the reverse current in Zener diode is measured using milli-ammeter due to the large flow of current. 3. The device, because of one P-N junction, is quite similar to a diode but it differs from an ordinary diode as it has three terminals. What makes them different from other diodes is that Zener diodes will also allow current to flow in the reverse direction when the voltage is above a certain value. Jan 02, 2021 - Theory & Procedure, Diode Characteristics Class 12 Notes | EduRev is made by best teachers of JEE. Let us now look at the Zener diode characteristic: A graph of current through vs the voltage across the device is called the characteristic of Zener diode. As a result, the bond breaks and electron hole pairs are generated. This is to compensate for the damage that occurs in the case of a pn junction diode when the reverse bias exceeds the breakdown voltage and thereby . Connect the CRO CH1 across the input and CH2 across resistor. Theory. 7-9 4. Its characteristics are otherwise very similar to common diodes. The Zener breakdown voltage is the minimum reverse biased voltage below which the diode blocks the reverse … Once the values are noted the plot of characteristics curves between voltage and current is plotted. മലയാളം Zener Diode Characteristics. Forward biasing will cause a large I F with a rather small value of V F.Reverse biasing will generally not cause current conduction until … Avalanche is +ve temprature coefficient and Zener breakdown is -ve temprature coefficient. Theory: A Zener Diode is constructed for operation in the reverse breakdown re-gion.The relation between I-V is almost linear in this case Vz =Vz0+Iz Rz, where Rz is the dynamic resistance of the zener … So we take the ohmmeter and place it across the leads of the diode. To find Zener break down voltage in reverse biased condition. The I-V Characteristics Curve of a zener diode, shown below, is the curve which shows the current-voltage relationship of a zener diode. Connect the Circuit as per the Circuit Diagram on the bread board. To calculate static and dynamic resistances of the Zener diode in both forward and reverse biased conditions (before, after break down voltages). APPARATUS:- PROCEDURE: FORWARD BIAS CHARACTERISTICS 1. Q9: Is the zener diode an effective limiter? Shunt regulators have an inherent current limiting advantage under load fault conditions because the series resistor limits excess current. Current-voltage characteristic of a Zener diode with a breakdown voltage of 3.4 V. Temperature coefficient of Zener voltage against nominal Zener voltage. 4. The Dynamic Forward resistance is __________________, The Static Forward resistance is __________________, The Dynamic Reverse resistance is __________________, The Static Reverse resistance is __________________. This may lead to damaging of the diode. zener diode. VDC +2 . BJT Characteristics (CE Configuration) Part A: Input Characteristics Part B: Output Characteristics 5. When forward biased voltage is applied to the zener diode, it works like a normal diode. Tag : zener diode as voltage regulator experiment readings Zener Diode Voltage Regulators Zener Diodes can be used to produce a stabilised voltage output with low ripple under varying load current conditions. मराठी. What are the different types of breakdowns in semiconductor junctions? Ordinary diodes are forward biased and work in the forward direction. हिंदी Experiment No: 1 Diode Characteristics Objective: To study and verify the functionality of a) ... the corresponding readings V r and I r. 3. Identification, Specification & Testing of Components and Equipment’s, Forward & Reverse Bias Characteristics of PN Junction Diode, Half Wave Rectifier With and Without Filters, Full Wave Rectifier With and Without Filters, Input & Output Characteristics of CB Configuration and h-Parameter Calculations, Input & Output Characteristics of CE Configuration and h-Parameter Calculations, Frequency Response of Common Emitter Amplifier, Uni Junction Transistor(UJT) Characteristics, Silicon-Controlled Rectifier (SCR) Characteristics, Characterstics of Emitter Follower Circuit, Design and Verification of Fixed Bias Circuits. Initially, a negligible constant current flow through the zener diode in its reverse bias but at certain voltage, the current becomes abruptly large. Detailed course structure for each branch and semister, Previous Semesters Final Exam Question Papers, Zener Diode Characteristics and Zener as Voltage Regulator, Objective: To study and verify the functionalityof Zener diode in forward bias and reverse bias and to. A very good test you can do is to check a zener diode with your multimeter set to the ohmmeter setting. EXPERIMENT 7:Observation of characteristics of a Zener diode Debangshu Mukherjee BS.c Physics,1st Year Chennai Mathematical Institute 7.11.2008 1 Aim of experiment In this experiment, we try to observe the relation between the voltage and corressponding current generated. Zener diode experiment. Ans: Its come from the inventor of Zener diode name is Clarence Zener. Give the input as triangular voltage waveform from Function Generator (both positive and negative peaks). A standard 10 V Zener may have a temperature coefficient of +0.07%/ °C which may correspond to 7 mV/ °C variation in temperature. There is a controlled breakdown which does not damage the diode when a reverse current above the Zener voltage passes through a Zener diode. We just reverse the diode to measure the i v characteristics the sudden change might destroy the diode. In breakdown the voltage across the Zener diode is close to constant over a wide range of currents thus making it useful as a shunt voltage regulator. The experiment is continued till the milliammeter shows a large deflection while the voltmeter reading remains a constant, indicating the break down voltage. Diode characteristics experiment readings. Preface: ... (Take at least 8 readings). What will happen if P-N regions are heavily doped in Zener diode? If the diode reads a much higher voltage, of or near the voltage of the supply voltage feeding it, it is open and, thus, defective. Plot the V-I graph and observe the change. In the forward biased mode the zener diode operates as a p-n diode. We are going to learn about an experiment to find out the Zener breakdown voltage and draw the characteristics of Zener diode. APPARATUS:- PROCEDURE: FORWARD BIAS CHARACTERISTICS 1. This heavy doping results in a low value of reverse breakdown voltage (BV R). If we operate an ordinary diode in reverse biased, it conducts insignificant current until the voltage applied across them exceeds the … h) Bias Current (I2) Stability Noise 9 _:5% . We will then plot it to get the depen-dence. Plot the graph between VS and VO taking VS on X-axis and VO on Y-axis. # Characteristics of a Zener Diode The above diagram shows the V-I characteristics of the Zener diode behavior. Ans:Doping concentration in zener diode is about 1000 times greater than the normal junction diode. To draw the characteristic curve of a Zener diode and to determine its reverse breakdown voltage. The electric field may become large enough that covalent bonds are broken and electron-hole pairs are created. Connect the Circuit as per the Circuit Diagram on the bread board. When the reverse bias voltage is greater than a predetermined voltage then the Zener … 10. 7.5 . As the applied reverse voltage increases the minority carriers acquire sufficient energy to collide with the carriers in the covalent bonds inside the depletion region. Connect the circuit for Load regulation as shown in figure (4). On plotting an V vs I curve, we will get a clear picture of the ... we just reverse the diode to measure the I-V characteristics, the sudden change might destroy the diode. Ans: The device has only one junction, so it is called the uni-junction device. Is the breakdown region in Zener really destructible? Vary supply voltage (Vs) in in steps of 1volt from 0 - 15 volts and note the corresponding Zener Current (IZ), Load Current (IL) and Output Voltage (VO). When this occurs there is a sharp increase in reverse current. We are going to take Zener I-V Characteristics Curve experiment as an example to understand how we can perform a general experiment using the PSLab device. Any kind of infringement will lead to legal action. The process becomes cumulative and leads to the generation of a large number of charge carriers resulting in Avalanche Breakdown. lN940B . Because of technological limitations, the "ceramic" capacitors that you have been using up to now do not have sufficiently high capacitance to be used in this application. While doing the experiment do not exceed the readings of the diode. This value can be controlled during manufacture. Plot the reverse characteristic curve by taking reverse voltage along –ve X-axis and reverse current along –ve Y-axis. (C) Zener Regulator: The heart of the zener voltage-reference is shown in the . When the diode is connected in forward bias diode acts as a normal diode. To Study the working of a diode as half w ave rectifier with and without filter. Ans:Zener diode is a heavily doped P-N junction diode, which conducts in reverse bias. Diodes overview diodes are mostly used in practice for emitting light as light emitting diodes leds or. The breakdown voltage or zener voltage (VZ) across the diode remains relatively constant. when the voltage across the zener diode exceeds its zener voltage rating VZ) . Add a 9V zener diode in parallel with the - kΩ load resistance in Figure 9 and repeat the 2-measurements in step 7. It is read as n-type of Zener diode and the other as p-type. 20 . Zener diode characteristics can be observed. The forward bias region of a Zener diode is identical to that of a regular diode. Experiment no-01 AIM:- To Plot the V-I Characteristics of P-N Junction Diode under Forward and Reverse Bias Condition and I-v characteristics of Zener diode. 8. In the forward bias direction, the zener diode behaves like an ordinary silicon diode. Applying a reverse bias causes a strong electric field get applied across the device. EXP-7> To draw characteristics of a zener diode and to determine its reverse breakdown voltage. Hence a regulated DC output voltage V0 = VZ is obtained across RL, whenever the input voltage remains within a minimum and maximum voltage. Similarly, experiment by keeping the diode in forwarding bias and tabulate the readings. Least count of milli-ammeter = ...........mA, Zero error of milli-ammeter = ...........mA. (D) Load Resistor . Uni Junction Transistor(UJT) Characteristics. To find the Zener Break down voltage in reverse biased condition. Thus it acts as a voltage regulator. Zener diodes are also known as a) Voltage regulators b) Forward bias diode c) Breakdown diode d) None of the mentioned. Voltage (V. 3) Temperature Coefficient Zener Impedance (R2 . 4-6 3. A Zener diode not only allows current to flow from anode to cathode but also, in the reverse direction on reaching the Zener voltage. If a zener diode reads a voltage near its rated zener voltage, VZ, then it is good. EXPERIMENT: DIODE & ZENER DIODE Objective:- To study the forward and reverse bias characteristics of diode and zener diode. The experiment is continued till the milliammeter shows a large deflection while the voltmeter reading remains a constant, indicating the break down voltage. To study the voltage regulation in Zener diode regulation circuit. Tabulate different reverse currents obtained for different reverse voltages. Then for all other combinations of input voltage and load current the Zener diode conducts the excess current thus maintaining a constant voltage across the load. Ans:Zener breakdown due to change in high electric field intensity,where Avalanche breakdown due to ionization in electronand hole pairs. The Zener diode mainly operates in reverse biased condition. From the plot at which point of voltage the spike in current is noticed that voltage value is referred to as Zener … Aim : To study the VI Characteristics of Zener Diode. When the diode is in the reverse bias condition, the width of the depletion region is more. Ans: Zener diodes are widely used as voltage references and as shunt regulators to regulate the voltage across small circuits. Viva questions: 1. b. Forward (drive) current can have a range from 200 uA to 200 A, with the most common forward (drive) current being 10 mA or 200 mA. 9. block of Figure 1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure (2). Do not switch ON the power supply unless you have checked the circuit connections as per the circuit diagram. For Zener diodes, silicon is preferred to Ge because of its high temperature and current capability. Then we will see how that experiment can be performed using the PSLab Android App and the PSLab Hardware Device. The symbol of zener diode is similar to the normal p-n junction diode, but with bend edges on the vertical bar. Better schemes use a device called a Zener diode. ... Take the readings until a Diode Current of 30mA. Select the diode; Set the rheostat R h =1 Ω; By adjusting the rheostat, voltmeter reading is increased from 0 and in each time note the corresponding reading in milliammeter. Ans: P-N junction diode is fabricated with low impurity concentrated P and N-type materials compared to Zener diode. This is a simple test we can do to check whether it is good, open, or shorted. Plot Volt-Ampere Characteristics of Zener Diode. Avalanche breakdown voltage may vary but Zener breakdown voltage is constant. The break down voltage Vz is obtained from the graph as shown below. As the applied reverse voltage tends to increase that result in the increment of the width of the depletion region. Objectives: To study the characteristics of Zener diode. A signal diode or rectifier will have a high reverse breakdown, from 50 to 2000 volts, and is NOT designed to operate in the breakdown region. Zener Diode Characteristics in X-Y mode: Adjust CRO TIME/DIV knob in X-Y mode. Connect the CRO CH1 across the input and CH2 across resistor. The reverse breakdown voltage varies between different Zener diodes. Ans: A zener is designed to operate stably in reverse breakdown, which is designed to be at a low voltage, between 3 volts and 200 volts. This post includes explanation of operation of Zener diode and V-I Characteristics of Zener Diode. To redo the experiment, click on the ‘Reset’ button. The resistor is selected so that when the input voltage is at VIN(min) and the load current is at IL(max) that the current through the Zener diode is at least Iz(min). What is the doping concentration in Zener diodes? Ans: Reverse breakdown due to avalanche mechanism or Zener effect.In reverse bias a rapid change in the current at break down voltage. 17. Figure . In the reverse bias direction, there is practically no reverse current flow until the breakdown voltage is reached. d) Zener Diode as Load Regulator (for variations in load connected): Input Supply Voltage VS = _________ Volts, No-load DC Voltage, VNL = _________ Volts, Fig: V- I Characteristics of Zener Diode under Forward & Reverse Bias Conditions, Static forward Resistance Rdc = Vf / If, Dynamic Forward Resistance rac = Vf / If, Static Reverse Resistance Rdc = Vr / Ir, Dynamic Reverse Resistance rac = Vr / Ir, For Load regulation,% Voltage Regulation = %. 1. They provide a low-cost and no frill method for voltage regulation. This property of zener diode makes its use as a voltage regulator. Ans:If P-N regions are heavily doped in zener diode its break down voltage will decrease. The orientation is very important. I-V Characteristics of Zener Diode Aim:- To study of the I-V characteristics of zener diode in Forward bias and Reverse bias conditions. Zener Diode Characteristics. What are the applications of Zener diode? In voltage regulators. The maximum reverse current is limited, however, by the wattage rating of the diode. Switch on the Regulated Power Supply and slowly increase the source voltage. October 28, 2020 February 24, 2012 by Electrical4U. Ans:Zener diodes are used in voltage stabilizers,clippers and clamper circuits. Zener Diode. The most common values for nominal working voltage are 5.1 V, 5.6 V, 6.2 V, 12 V and 15 V. We also carry Zener diodes with nominal working voltage up to 1 kV. Here V z is the Zener breakdown voltage. To zener diode characteristics experiment readings the characteristics of a Zener diode mainly operates in reverse bias series resistance and Zener... Breakdown which does not damage the diode is forward biased, it works like normal... The PN junction diode is constant learn about an experiment to find the! 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